Effect and Mechanism of Longshengzhi Capsule on Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Longshengzhi capsule （LSZC） on high fat diet （HFD）-induced atherosclerosis （AS） in apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE-/-） mice. MethodApoE-/- mice were fed with HFD for 8 weeks to induce AS. Then the mice were randomized into model group， simvastatin group （4 mg·kg-1）， high-dose LSZC group （1.6 g·kg-1）， medium-dose LSZC group （0.8 g·kg-1）， and low-dose LSZC group （0.4 g·kg-1）. C57BL/6J Mice with normal diet were used as the blank control. After 10 weeks， serum levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and oil red O were used to detect aortic plaque in each group. The levels of CD34 and F4/80 in aorta were determined by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultCompared with the blank control， the model group demonstrated obvious aortic plaque， a large amount of lipid accumulation， serious damage of aortic intima， increase in serum levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， HDL-C， MDA， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， decrease in SOD level （P<0.01）， and rise of the expression of CD34 and F4/80 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， LSZC of the three doses all decreased the serum levels of TG and LDL-C （P<0.05）， and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the high-dose and medium-dose LSZC improved SOD level， decreased MDA content （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduced the expression of the CD34 and F4/80 in blood vessels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionLSZC has certain intervention effect on the formation of aortic plaque in atherosclerosis ApoE-/- mice. The mechanism is that it reduces the levels of serum TG and LDL-C to lower blood lipid， decreases MDA level and improves SOD activity to inhibit lipid peroxidation， lowers the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 and down-regulates the expression of CD34 and F4/80 to protect blood vessels from inflammatory damage.

Longshengzhi Capsules Improves Cognitive Function of Vascular Dementia Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Longshengzhi capsules on the cognitive function of vascular dementia （VD） rats and reveal the underlying mechanism. MethodA VD rat model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. The model rats were randomly assigned into the model group （normal saline for gavage）， Hydergine （0.54 mg·kg-1） group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （2.16， 1.08， and 0.54 g·kg-1， respectively） Longshengzhi capsules groups， with 15 rats each group. Additionally， a sham group （normal saline for gavage） was designed in this study. Morris water maze test was conducted in the last week. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was employed for observation of the pathological changes in the hippocampal area of rat brain. Serum oxidative stress indicators including superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were examined. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression levels of B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， protein kinase B （Akt）， p-Akt， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）， and matrix metallopeptidase-9 （MMP-9） were determined by Western blot. ResultMorris water maze results showed that compared with sham operation group， the escape latency of rats in model group was significantly prolonged， and the number of crossing platform was significantly reduced. Compared with model group， the time of escape latency in Longshengzhi capsules high- and medium-dose groups was significantly shortened， and the number of crossing platform was significantly increased. Compared with sham operation group， SOD and GSH-Px levels in model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， MDA levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the level of SOD in serum of Longshengzhi capsules high-dose group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， the level of GSH-Px in serum of Longshengzhi capsules high-， medium- and low-dose groups was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the level of MDA was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE staining showed that Longshengzhi capsules could improve pathological damage in hippocampus of VD rats. Western blot results showed that compared with sham operation group， the protein expressions of Bax， NF-κB， MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the protein expressions of Bcl-2， Akt and p-Akt were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression of Bax， NF-κB， MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in Longshengzhi capsules high-， medium- and low-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression of Akt in Longshengzhi capsules high- and medium-dose groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The expression of p-Akt protein in Longshengzhi capsules high-dose group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionLongshengzhi capsules can improve the cognitive function of VD rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress， inflammatory response and apoptosis. ConclusionLongshengzhi capsules can improve the cognitive function of VD rats by inhibiting oxidative stress， inflammatory reaction， and neuronal apoptosis.

Predictive Value of Pancreatic Steatosis for Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the association of pancreatic steatosis with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)in our center due to chest pain were enrolled from January 2016 to February 2019. According to the CCTA findings,patients were divided into normal group,mild-to-moderate coronary atherosclerosis group and severe coronary atherosclerosis group. CT attenuation of pancreas and spleen was measured on abdominal non-enhanced CT,and the CT attenuation indexes including the difference between pancreatic and splenic attenuation (P-S) and the ratio of pancreas-to-spleen attenuation (P/S) were calculated. Analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank test were used to assess differences among each group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of severe coronary stenosis. The accuracy of P/S in predicting severe coronary artery stenosis was assessed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 173 consecutive T2DM patients were enrolled. These patients included 27 patients with normal coronary artery (15.6%),124 patients with mild to moderate stenosis (71.7%),and 22 patients with severe stenosis (12.7%). There were significant differences in CT attenuation of pancreas (=11.543,=0.003),P-S (=11.152,=0.004) and P/S (=11.327,=0.004) among normal coronary artery group,mild and moderate stenosis group,and severe stenosis group. The CT attenuation of pancreatic head,body,and tail significantly differed in patients with coronary artery stenosis (=14.737,=0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors,multiple Logistic regression showed that P/S (=0.062,95%=0.008-0.487,=0.008) was still significantly associated with the severe coronary artery stenosis. The area under the ROC curve of P/S for the diagnosis of severe coronary artery stenosis was 0.701,and the optimal cutoff point was 0.660. CT attenuation of pancreas and CT attenuation indexes are associated with the severity of coronary stenosis in T2DM patients,suggesting that pancreatic steatosis may be used as one of the indicators for predicting severe coronary artery stenosis.

Intestinal dysfunction of spinal cord injury treated with moxibustion: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect on intestinal dysfunction of spinal cord injury (SCI) between the comprehensive therapy of moxibustion (moxibustion for opening the governor vessel and regulating the spirit) and rehabilitation training and the simple treatment with rehabilitation training.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with intestinal dysfunction of SCI were randomized into a comprehensive therapy group and a rehabilitation group, 30 cases in each one (3 cases were dropped out in each group). On the base of the routine western medicine treatment and rehabilitation training, the bowel training and rectal function training were provided, once a day in the rehabilitation group. In the comprehensive therapy group, on the base of the treatment as the rehabilitation group, the moxibustion was exerted at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Zhiyang (GV 9), Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20), etc, once a day, 30 min each time. In both groups, the treatment for 4 weeks was as one course and 3 courses of treatment were required. Separately, before treatment, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) and World Health Organization quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were observed and the clinical effect was evaluated after 12 weeks of treatment.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the total effective rate was 88.9% (24/27) in the comprehensive therapy group, which was higher than 74.1% (20/27) in the rehabilitation group (<0.05). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, NBD scores were all reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, NBD scores in the comprehensive therapy group were lower than the rehabilitation group (both <0.05). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of all of the domains (psychology, physiology, social relations and environment) in WHOQOL-BREF were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01). After 4 weeks of treatment, the scores in the psychology and physiology domains in the comprehensive therapy group were higher than the rehabilitation group (all <0.05). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of all of the domains in the comprehensive therapy group were higher than the rehabilitation group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The comprehensive treatment of moxibustion and rehabilitation training achieves the better effect on intestinal dysfunction of SCI than the simple rehabilitation training and greatly improves the quality of life in SCI patients.

Simultaneous quantification and consistency analysis of 19 representative components in Longshengzhi Capsules by HPLC-QQQ/MS / 中国中药杂志

Longshengzhi capsule consisting of 12 herbs is widely used in clinically treating cerebral ischemia during recovery period.In this study,in order to investigate the consistency of different batches of Longshengzhi capsules,a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method(HPLC-QQQ/MS) was developed for the determination of 19 representative components in Longshengzhi Capsules within 9 min. Methodology validation indicated this method was simple,rapid,accurate,highly sensitive and reproducible,and it could be used for the content determination of components in Longshengzhi Capsules. The consistency analysis results showed that paeoniflorin and calycosin-7-glucoside in Longshengzhi Capsules had the highest content; RSD value of total content of 19 compounds was 5. 2% and the RSD value of main compounds such as astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside was all less than 15%,reflecting good consistency among different batches. This study has provided a scientific method and basis for the quality control and consistency evaluation of Longshengzhi Capsules.

Effect of Longshengzhi Capsule on Behavior and Cerebral Protection in Stroke Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Longshengzhi capsule (LSZC) on behavior, serum biochemical index, nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3) in stroke rats. Method:Ischaemic stroke was induced by the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). The male sprague-dawley rats with successful pMCAO modeling were randomly divided into five groups:model (pMCAO) group, nimodipine (12 mg·kg-1) group and LSZC groups (2.4, 1.2, 0.6 g·kg-1). A sham group also set in the study. The intragastric administration lasted for 14 days. The rats were tested for neurological deficits, grip strength, rotation tolerance. An open field test was also performed to evaluate the behavior. The pathology of the brain was studied by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat serum were tested in the experiment. Immunohistochemistry (ICH) and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of Caspase-3 and NF-κB. Result:Compared the model group, LSZC significantly improved the grip strength, rotation tolerance and spontaneous activity. LSZC markedly reduced infarct volume, water content of brain, neurological scores, body weight decline in MCAO stroke rats (PPPPκB. Conclusion:LSZC treatment can improve neurological deficit function and protect the brain of stroke rats. This effect may be realized by down-regulating the expressions of NF-κB and Caspase-3.

Vaginal anatomical and functional outcomes of 49 patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome undergoing modified laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomy and sexual outcomes of patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-KüsterHauser(MRKH)syndrome undergoing modified laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty.METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2017,49 MRKH syndrome patients underwent the modified laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital.Analysis of the anatomy and the sexual outcomes of the neovagina was conducted.The sexual functional outcomes were assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI)questionnaire.45 cases of similar-aged women with normal sexual life were selected as controls.RESULTS: Modified laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty was successfully performed in all 49 patients.The mean operative time and intraoperative blood loss was(186±53.7)minutes and(63.8±10.6)mL respectively.The mean length and width of the neovagina at the 6-month followup examination was(12.9±1.56)cm and(3.32±0.33)cm respectively.FSFI score between the MRKH group and the control group:Desire[(4.40±0.59)vs.(4.04±0.71),P0.05],Lubrication[(4.90 ± 0.58)vs.(4.67 ± 0.79),P>0.05],Orgasm[(4.29 ± 0.70)vs.(4.20 ± 0.79),P>0.05],Satisfaction[(4.51 ± 0.82)vs.(4.45 ± 0.91),P>0.05],Comfort[(4.71 ± 0.81)vs.(4.78 ± 0.72),P>0.05],Total score[(27.08 ± 2.83)vs.(26.53 ± 2.98),P>0.05].CONCLUSION: Modified laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty is an effective and safe technique for MRKH syndrome patients,which provides a nearly normal sexual function for patients with MRKH syndrome.

Different expression of TNF-alpha in brain and peripheral organs after cerebral contusion of rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) between brain and peripheral organs after cerebral contusion in order to provide the scientific theoretical basis for forensic pathological diagnosis and wound age estimation.@*METHODS@#Brain and peripheral organs including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney tissues of 45 SD rats after the cerebral contusion were obtained and TNF-alpha of these tissues were analyzed with immunohistochemistry methods.@*RESULTS@#TNF-alpha was detected at 1 h in brain, reaching maximum at 6 h and 3 d after the cerebral contusion, and then decreased but still kept at high expression level at 7 d. TNF-alpha was detected at 1 h after the cerebral contusion in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues. The number of cells expressing TNF-alpha increased gradually, reaching maximum at 3 d after the contusion of brain, and then decreased but still kept at high expression level at 7 d.@*CONCLUSION@#Besides the change of cerebral contusion, this study considered both the brain and peripheral organs. It is helpful for forensic pathological diagnosis and wound age estimation after contusion of brain.

Mediation of abdominal obesity on the association between cigarette smoking and β-cell function / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To confirm the effect of cigarette smoking on β-cell function, and further investigate the mediation effect of abdominal obesity. Methods Participants would include 1440 Chinese smokers who had participated in a community-based chronic disease screening project in Guangzhou and Zhuhai from 2006 to 2007. They were interviewed with structured questionnaire on their socio-demographic status and smoking behaviors. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and fasting serum C-peptide concentration were also measured. Results After adjustment for the potential confounding factors, when compared with smokers with consumption 1-10 cigarettes/day, smokers with consumption of 11-20 cigarettes/day (adjusted OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.22-1.90) or ＞20 cigarettes/day (adjusted OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.32-2.79) had significant higher risks to get C-peptide concentration larger than its median. Furthermore, 37.54% of the effect of cigarette smoking on C-peptide concentration was partially mediated by abdominal obesity. Conclusion Cigarette smoking might be a risk factor for β-cell dysfunction and abdominal obesity.

Chinfloxacin hydrochloride inhibits HERG potassium channel at open state / 药学学报

This study is designed to investigate the effects of chinfloxacin hydrochloride (CFX) on the kinetics of HERG K+ channel. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record HERG K+ currents from HEK293 cells transiently transfected with cgi-HERG-GFP plasmids and channel kinetics were assessed in the absence and presence of CFX and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX). Results demonstrated that the open state of HERG K+ channel was inhibited by CFX in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 162.1 +/- 14.2 micromol x L(-1), two folds higher than its positive control MOX. But there were no significant effects on channel kinetics. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CFX on HERG was enhanced when cells were subjected to altered extracellular K+ concentration.

Synthesis and cardioprotective effect of a novel anti-ischemic/reperfused injury compound / 药学学报

The aim of present study is to investigate the cardioprotective effect of a new compound acetyl ferulaic isosorbide (AFI), composed of ferulaic acid (FA) and isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) by esterification in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). Male Sprague-Dawley rats, subjected to 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion, randomly received one of the following treatments separately: SHAM, I/R (MI/R + solvent), SF (MI/R+SF, 40 mg x kg(-1), ig), ISMN (MI/R + ISMN, 30 mg x kg(-1), ig), SF + ISMN (MI/R + SF + ISMN, 40 mg x kg(-1) + 30 mg x kg(-1), ig) and AFI (MI/R + AFI, 10 mg x kg(-1), ig). Left ventricle developed pressures (LVDP) and the maximal first derivative of developed pressure ( +/-dP / dtmax) were monitored throughout the experiments. Myocardial infarction size, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) production were determined at the end of reperfusion. Compared with SF, ISMN or SF + ISMN treatment groups, AFI treatment decreased infarction size (n=8, P < 0.01), improved cardiac function as evidenced by increased LVDP and +/- dP/dtmax (n=8, P < 0.05), increased serum SOD activity, reduced serum CK and LDH activities, H2O2 and MDA production (n=8, P < 0.05). The new compound AFI showed a stronger cardioprotective effect against MI/R injury than SF, ISMN or their combined administration did.

The structural study of prefabrication stress stent and the hemodynamics in percutaneous transhepatic portacaval shunt / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To present a preliminary latest procedure for portal hypertension and evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of portacaval shunt creation through the percutaneous transhepatic approach in order to make a hemodynamic comparison with that of the classic TIPS.Methods Thirty-eight patients with portal hypertension(36 men;mean age 57 years,range 32～73)were referred for PTPS procedure because of bleeding varices(n=36),intractable ascites(n=1),and hepatopulmonary syndrome(n=1).The severity of liver disease was classified as Child-Pugh B in 27 and C in 11.The PTPS was created by a percutaneous transhepatic puncture into right portal vein and then through left portal vein to the hepatic segment of IVC followed by a prefabrication stress stent-graft placement at the very site.Results Technical and functional success of 100% was achieved in all patients,without related complications.The postprocedural portal vein-IVC gradients mean 13 cmH_2O was achieved with the follow-up period mean 493 days.No recurrence of variceal bleeding and controlled refractory ascites were achieved,and still more with primary patency rate of the involved vascular structure up to 94.8% at 365 days,much better than classic TIPS. Conclusions Portacaval shunt creation using the prefabrication stress stent via percutaneous transhepatic technique is safe and feasible.The compact coincidence was obtained between the stent and the involved vessel with restoration of intrahepatic portal venous bemodynamics together with partial lowering of portal venous pressure and guaranteeing intrahepatic perfusion through right portal vein.It is also obviously to have postoperative prevention of shunt restenoses and lowering postoperative incidence of hepato-encephalopathy.

Change of Serum Neuron Specific Enolase in Neonates with Asphyxia before and after Head Mild Hypothermia Treatment / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the change of serum level of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in neonates with asphyxia before and after head mild hypothermia.Methods Eighty-two asphyxial neonates were selected,including 39 mild asphyxial neonates and 43 severe asphy-xial neonates,and 29 healthy neonates were selected as control group.Forty-three severe asphyxial neonates were randomly assigned into mild hypothermia treatment group and traditional treatment group.Neonates in traditional treatment group were just given traditional treatment.While neonates in mild hypothermia treatment group received head mild hypothermia therapy and their nasopharyngeal temperature were maintained at(34.0 ? 0.5) ℃ for 72 h.Before treatment and 72 h after treatment,2 mL blood was collected,and the serum NSE was determined by radio immunoassay.Results NSE levels in mild asphyxial neonates group[(34.83?6.17) ?g/L] and severe asphyxial group[(59.58?8.87) ?g/L] were significantly higher than that of control group[(30.57?4.88) ?g/L](t=3.07 P0.05).The level of NSE at 72 h in severe asphyxial neonates with head mild hypothermia therapy[(40.97?6.55) ?g/L] was significantly lower than that of traditional treatment group [(48.15?5.57) ?g/L](t=3.86 P

Study on the clinical use of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) colloidal gold diagnostic strip / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test the sensitivity and specificity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) colloidal gold diagnostic strip as compared with RIA-AFP diagnostic kit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Double blind method was used to test sera from 426 healthy people and 1567 patients selected in two general hospitals and a cancer hospital. Each serum was measured by RIA-AFP and AFP colloidal gold diagnostic strip on the same day. RIA-AFP diagnostic results was identified as true positive or negative.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 426 healthy people, all the RIA-AFP test showed negative result (serum AFP concentration less than 25 IU/ml), but the AFP colloidal gold diagnostic strip had 1.88% false positive. When comparing the result from 1567 patients measured by RIA-AFP, the sensitivity and specificity of AFP colloidal gold diagnostic strip were 99.3%, and 97.2%, respectively. The crude correspondence rate between the two diagnostic regents was 97.6%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AFP colloidal gold diagnostic strip showed very good result and could be used as a screening diagnostic kit in clinic and hospital settings.</p>